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1. The many faces of Shiva – and the return of the Somnath Shivalinga
Shiva, in Hindu philosophy, is not merely a historical figure but a cosmic principle representing divine energy. The Vedas and Puranas offer diverse spiritual perspectives, accommodating both Vedantic and Puranic views of Shiva. His significance extends beyond mythology into metaphysical concepts of existence and consciousness.
Shaivism and the Concept of Shiva
Shaivism perceives Shiva as a fundamental reality or tattva, classifying existence into 36 principles, with Shiva as the highest. He is considered Chaitanya (pure consciousness) and Chidakasha (infinite space of consciousness), transcending both saguna (with attributes) and nirguna (beyond all attributes) forms.
A well-known Puranic story describes Shiva as an infinite pillar of light, symbolizing his eternal and formless nature. Other symbolic narratives, such as his confrontation with Daksha and the destruction of Kamadeva, convey deeper truths about existence and self-realization.
Spiritual Symbolism of the Shivalinga
Shiva is primarily worshipped in the form of a linga, which represents the gateway to transcendence. It signifies the four stages of spiritual realization:
(i) Sannidhya – Feeling the divine presence
(ii) Samipya – Experiencing closeness to the divine
(iii) Sarupya – Embodying divinity
(iv) Sayujya – Ultimate oneness with the divine
Among the 12 Jyotirlingas in India, the Somnath Jyotirlinga in Gujarat holds a significant place in history and spirituality.
Historical Significance of Somnath Jyotirlinga
The Somnath Shivalinga was historically believed to be suspended in mid-air, exhibiting unique magnetism. In 1026 AD, Mahmud of Ghazni plundered the temple and shattered the Shivalinga. Despite this destruction, a lineage of Agnihotri Brahmins secretly preserved some fragments, carrying them to Tamil Nadu and continuing their worship.
A century ago, the Shankaracharya of Kanchi Peetham instructed that the preserved fragments be handed over to a saint in Bangalore after 100 years. These Shivalingas have now resurfaced, exhibiting unique properties, and preparations are underway for their return to Somnath.
Restoration and Consecration of Somnath Jyotirlinga
The original Somnath Jyotirlinga is now set to return after 1,000 years. Before its consecration, it will be taken on a pilgrimage to all 12 Jyotirlingas across India, allowing devotees to seek blessings.
A 40-day purification ritual (kalakarshan), following Shaiva Agama traditions, will precede its final consecration. This marks a significant spiritual and cultural moment, emphasizing the resilience of faith and divine energy.
Conclusion
The return of the Somnath Jyotirlinga reaffirms the timeless nature of truth and spirituality. It is a moment of spiritual awakening for the nation, aligning with the cosmic energies of Maha Shivaratri, a night dedicated to transcending the material world.
2. C Raja Mohan writes: In Trump’s world, India and Europe need each other
With Donald Trump’s return to the White House, global geopolitics is undergoing a major transformation. India, traditionally reliant on its partnerships with the US and Russia, now finds itself at a critical juncture. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen’s visit to India presents a key opportunity for Delhi to recalibrate its strategic engagement with Europe, especially as Trump reshapes global alliances and trade policies.
The Changing Global Order
India’s past strategy was based on the assumption that the global economic order, driven by globalization, was irreversible. However, Trump’s policies challenge this notion. He is not only redefining US alliances but also seeking direct engagements with rival powers like Russia and China. This shift creates uncertainty for India, which has historically balanced its ties between Washington and Moscow.
Meanwhile, India’s trade deficit with China is growing, touching nearly $100 billion annually. The surge in Chinese exports to India underscores the urgent need for economic reforms and diversification of trade partnerships.
India-Europe Relations: A New Opportunity
Historically, the India-EU strategic partnership, declared in 2004, lost momentum by the early 2010s due to stalled trade talks and Brussels’ focus on deep commercial ties with China. However, since 2016, India has sought to reinvigorate relations with the EU, culminating in the launch of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) at the 2023 G20 Summit.
Von der Leyen’s visit, accompanied by the entire European Commission, signals Europe’s growing recognition of India’s role in a multipolar world. The EU’s push to “de-risk” its economic dependence on China aligns with India’s interests in reducing its trade reliance on Beijing.
Trump’s Impact on Europe and India’s Strategic Calculations
Trump’s foreign policy shifts have rattled Europe. His administration has reduced support for Ukraine, pushed NATO allies to take responsibility for their security, and criticized European policies on immigration and climate change. These developments have caused divisions within Europe, with some leaders advocating reduced dependence on the US.
For India, Trump’s second term began on a positive note with Modi’s White House visit, but challenges remain. Negotiating a free trade agreement and boosting bilateral trade to $500 billion by 2030 will be difficult, especially given Trump’s emphasis on reciprocal tariffs.
Conclusion
In this rapidly changing geopolitical landscape, India must expand its strategic partnerships. Strengthening ties with Europe— the world’s third-largest economy— is crucial. Von der Leyen’s visit provides a timely opportunity for India and Europe to move beyond past hesitations and forge a stronger, mutually beneficial partnership.
3. Is Trump breaking the Western alliance? Maybe not
The transatlantic alliance, a cornerstone of global security since World War II, is witnessing a significant transformation under US President Donald Trump. His administration’s approach to international relations, particularly concerning Ukraine and NATO, has raised concerns among European leaders. However, a closer analysis suggests that this shift may be a recalibration of priorities rather than an outright abandonment of alliances.
US-Russia Relations and the Ukraine Conflict
Recent voting patterns at the United Nations indicate a shift in the US stance on the Ukraine conflict. The Trump administration, while initially supporting Ukraine’s sovereignty, has taken a more conciliatory approach towards Russia. The US abstained from a UN resolution that initially condemned Russian actions, leading to speculations that Washington seeks to de-escalate tensions with Moscow.
French President Emmanuel Macron and British Prime Minister Keith Starmer have engaged in diplomatic efforts to align Trump’s policies with the European position on Ukraine. However, the US administration remains focused on ending the war swiftly, arguing that prolonged engagement risks escalating into a larger conflict. European leaders, on the other hand, continue to advocate for sustained support to Ukraine, raising the possibility of Europe taking greater responsibility for regional security.
A Shift in the Transatlantic Alliance
For over 75 years, the US-Europe relationship was built on shared liberal values and collective security under NATO. Trump’s reelection has bolstered far-right movements across Europe, aligning US interests with leaders who oppose EU regulatory frameworks on energy, migration, and digital policies. Figures like Viktor Orbán (Hungary), Giorgia Meloni (Italy), Alice Weidel (Germany), and Eric Zemmour (France) have found a strong ally in Trump, challenging the European Union’s influence over member states.
This ideological realignment signals a shift from a unified transatlantic policy to a more transactional relationship between the US and individual European nations. The EU’s green policies, digital regulations, and centralized decision-making are now facing resistance from both within Europe and across the Atlantic.
Reorienting US Foreign Policy Towards China
A key argument made by Trump’s supporters is that disengagement from Ukraine and a thaw in US-Russia relations would allow Washington to concentrate on countering China’s growing influence. The Trump administration views the European security burden as an impediment to its strategic pivot towards the Indo-Pacific. US Defense Secretary Peter Hegseth has hinted at a potential reduction of US military commitments in Europe, urging European nations to take greater responsibility for their defense.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio, in a joint statement with Japan and South Korea, underscored the importance of stability in the Taiwan Strait, reflecting Washington’s growing emphasis on Asia. This raises a critical question: Is the US repositioning itself to address the China challenge more effectively by shifting the Ukraine conflict to a European responsibility?
Implications for Global Order
Trump’s approach has sparked debates on the future of international institutions, collective security, and the principle of sovereignty. While critics argue that Washington’s stance threatens global stability, there is limited resistance to this strategic realignment at present. The transatlantic alliance appears to be evolving into a new form—one that is more decentralized and driven by pragmatic national interests rather than ideological unity.
The consequences of this shift will be profound. If Europe assumes greater control over its security and the US consolidates its focus on the Indo-Pacific, the global power balance may witness a fundamental transformation. Whether this change will enhance stability or create new geopolitical fault lines remains to be seen.
4. U-turns at the UN: India’s deft diplomacy is vindicated
The recent United Nations vote on the Russia-Ukraine war has highlighted changing global dynamics. The United States and Russia unexpectedly aligned on key resolutions, while India’s consistent diplomatic stance of abstention stands validated. This reflects Delhi’s strategic approach of maintaining autonomy in foreign policy without succumbing to external pressure.
Changing Global Attitudes at the UN
(i) In 2022, 141 countries voted in favor of a resolution condemning Russia’s invasion. In 2024, this number fell to 93.
(ii) The number of abstentions has nearly doubled, rising from 35 to 65, indicating increasing war fatigue.
(iii) China continues to abstain while maintaining its “no-limits” partnership with Russia.
US-Russia Alignment and European Resistance
(i) The US, under President Donald Trump, took a surprising stance by voting against a Ukraine-backed resolution calling for de-escalation.
(ii) The US also drafted a Security Council resolution advocating peace but avoiding criticism of Russia, which the Kremlin welcomed as “more balanced.”
(iii) European nations, including Germany, the UK, France, and Italy, strongly supported Ukraine.
(iv) French President Emmanuel Macron warned the US against a “surrender” of Ukraine.
US Foreign Policy Shift: Economic Considerations
Trump expressed interest in “major economic development transactions with Russia.”
(i) Russia offered to sell rare earth minerals, including those in occupied Ukrainian territories, to US companies.
(ii) This suggests a potential US-Russia détente, with economic considerations influencing diplomatic decisions.
India’s Calculated Diplomacy
(i) India has consistently abstained from UN resolutions condemning Russia’s invasion, maintaining its strategic autonomy.
(ii) This approach reflects India’s historical ties with Moscow while ensuring flexibility in global engagements.
(iii) India’s stance sends a strong message that it will not be coerced into taking sides against its national interests.
Conclusion
The UN voting patterns on Ukraine highlight shifting geopolitical alliances. While the US and Russia demonstrate new diplomatic recalibrations, India’s steadfast neutrality reinforces its independent foreign policy. Moving forward, Delhi must continue to leverage its strategic position while balancing global pressures.
Disclaimer:
This analysis is based on the editorial content published in Indian Express and is intended solely for informational and educational purposes. The views, opinions, and interpretations expressed herein are those of the author of original article. Readers are encouraged to refer to the original article for complete context and to exercise their own judgment while interpreting the analysis. The analysis does not constitute professional advice or endorsement of any political, economic, or social perspective.
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