BPSC Prelims previous year questions (PYQs) on Ancient and Medieval History are essential for understanding the exam pattern and frequently asked topics. This section covers important dynasties, cultural developments, socio-economic structures, and key historical events. Analyzing these PYQs helps aspirants identify trends and focus on high-scoring areas for better preparation.
70th BPSC Prelims
1. Consider the types of land according to The Amarkosha:
a. Urvara – fertile
b. Maru – desert
c. Shadvala – grassy
d. Devmatrika – watered by rain
Which of the following is correct?
(A) b, c and d
(B) a and b both
(C) c and d both
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: D
2. Consider the following about the Ajivika sect:
a. Makhali Gosala was its most important leader.
b. Central idea of the philosophy was “NIYATI”, that is fate.
c. The discrimination on the basis of caste and class.
d. The Ajivikas had regular sabhas for meetings.
Which of the following is correct?
(A) a and d are correct
(B) b, c and d are correct
(C) a, b and d are correct
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: C
3. Which of the following was the capital of the Chera dynasty?
(A) Madurai
(B) Kuravur/Karur
(C) Kanchipuram
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: B
4. Malik Kafur, also known as “Hazar Dinar,” was bought by whom?
(A) Nusrat Khan
(B) Alauddin Khilji
(C) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: A
5. “Chach Nama” was translated to Persian by
(A) Muhammad Ali Bin Abu Bakr Kufi
(B) Nurrudin Muhammad Aufi
(C) Shams-i-Siraj
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: A
6. Which of the following rulers ruled Assam in the time of Harsha?
(A) King Dahir
(B) Aswad Jahan
(C) Bhaskar Varman
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: C
7. Who was the founder of the Farazi Movement?
(A) Dudhu Mian
(B) Haji Shariatullah
(C) Sayyid Ahmad
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: B
8. Consider the following about King “Praversena”:
a. He was the real founder of the Vakataka dynasty.
b. His empire extended from Bundelkhand in the north to Hyderabad in the south.
c. He succeeded his father, King Vindhyashakti.
d. He is mentioned in the Puranas.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) b, c and d
(B) a and b both
(C) a and c both
(D) More than one of the above
Ans: A
69th BPSC Prelims
1. Which of the following animals was not known to the people of the Indus Valley Civilization?
(A) Bull
(B) Horse
(C) Elephant
(D) None of the above
Ans: b
Explanation: The people of the Indus Valley Civilization are believed to have known animals like the bull and elephant, but horses were not present in the civilization during its peak. It was only later, during the Vedic period, that horses became known in India.
2. In Indian art, the construction of ‘Stupa’, ‘Chaitya’ and ‘Vihara’ is related to which of the following?
(A) Ajivika sect
(B) Vaishnava sect
(C) Buddhism
(D) Shaiva sect
Ans: c
Explanation: ‘Stupa’, ‘Chaitya’, and ‘Vihara’ are all structures associated with Buddhism. Stupas are burial mounds or structures that hold relics, while Chaityas are prayer halls, and Viharas are monastic residences.
3. Consider the following statements: The arrival of Babur into India led to the
- Introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent
- Introduction of arch and dome in the region’s architecture
- Establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region
- Introduction of cannons in warfare Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) Only 1 and 2
(B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 3 and 4
(D) None of the above
Ans: c
Explanation: Babur’s arrival in India marked the introduction of cannons and the use of gunpowder in warfare. Babur was a descendant of Timur and founded the Timurid dynasty in India. His architecture, influenced by Central Asian designs, introduced the use of arches and domes.
4. Which among the following ports was called Babul Makka (Gate of Makka) during the Mughal period?
(A) Calicut
(B) Surat
(C) Cambay
(D) Broach
Ans: b
Explanation: Surat, located in present-day Gujarat, was called Babul Makka during the Mughal period because of its significance as a major port for trade with the Arabian Peninsula, particularly for the pilgrimage traffic to Mecca.
5. ‘Ashta Pradhan’ was a Council of Ministers
(A) in the Gupta administration
(B) in the Chola administration
(C) in the Maratha administration
(D) in the Vijayanagara administration
Ans: c
Explanation: The Ashta Pradhan was a council of ministers in the Maratha administration, established by Shivaji. It consisted of eight key ministers who advised the king on various matters of governance.
6. The painting of ‘Bodhisattva Padmapani’ is located at
(A) Bagh
(B) Ellora
(C) Ajanta
(D) Badami
Ans: c
Explanation: The painting of ‘Bodhisattva Padmapani’ is located in the Ajanta caves. It is a famous example of Buddhist art from the 5th century.
7. Consider the following statements:
- Fa-Hien was a Chinese pilgrim who visited India during the reign of Harsha.
- Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese Buddhist monk who visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) None of the above
Ans: d
Explanation: Fa-Hien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II, not Harsha. Similarly, Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha, not Chandragupta II. Thus, both statements are incorrect.
8. Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| a. Charaka | 1. Mathematics |
| b. Brahmagupta | 2. Medicine |
| c. Varahamihira | 3. Playwright |
| d. Vishakhadatta | 4. Astrology |
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) a b c d: 2 1 4 3
(B) a b c d: 1 2 3 4
(C) a b c d: 3 2 4 1
(D) a b c d: 1 4 3 2
Ans: a
Explanation: Charaka is known for his contributions to medicine, Brahmagupta for mathematics, Varahamihira for astrology, and Vishakhadatta for his work as a playwright.
9. Who among the following introduced the Persian festival Nowruz in India?
(A) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
(B) Alauddin Khilji
(C) Balban
(D) Iltutmish
Ans: c
Explanation: The Persian festival of Nowruz, marking the Persian New Year, was introduced in India by Balban during his reign.
10. Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis made devotional religion popular in
(A) Northern India
(B) Southern India
(C) Eastern India
(D) Western India
Ans: a
Explanation: The Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis were important in popularizing devotional religion in Northern India, particularly during the medieval period.
11. Which city served as the capital of the ancient kingdom of Magadha during the early Vedic period?
(A) Rajagriha
(B) Campa
(C) Vaishali
(D) Pataliputra
Ans: a
Explanation: Rajagriha was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Magadha during the early Vedic period, later replaced by Pataliputra in the Mauryan period.
12. Nitisara, an early book of politics, was written by
(A) Kautilya
(B) Kamandaka
(C) Charaka
(D) None of them
Ans: b
Explanation: Nitisara, a text on political philosophy, was written by Kamandaka, an ancient Indian scholar.
13. Futuhat-i-Alamgiri was written by
(A) Ishwardas Nagar
(B) Bhimsen
(C) Haridas
(D) None of them
Ans: a
Explanation: Futuhat-i-Alamgiri, an important historical text, was written by Ishwardas Nagar. It provides insights into the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb.
14. According to Chinese source, Meghavarman, the ruler of Sri Lanka, sent a missionary to which of the following Gupta Kings for permission to build a Buddhist temple at Gaya?
(A) Chandragupta I
(B) Samudragupta
(C) Chandragupta II
(D) None of them
Ans: b
Explanation: Meghavarman, the ruler of Sri Lanka, sent a missionary to Samudragupta to seek permission for building a Buddhist temple at Gaya, according to Chinese sources.
68th BPSC Prelims
Q1. In ancient times, the area to the south of the Ganga was known as:
(a) Takshashila
(b) Chola
(c) Anarta
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (e)
Explanation: The area south of the Ganga was known as Magadha, which played a significant role in ancient Indian history. Takshashila was located near the Indus and Jhelum rivers, while Chola was a kingdom located in the southern part of India, south of the Godavari river. Anarta was a kingdom in ancient Gujarat.
Q2. When did the use of iron begin in the Indian subcontinent?
(a) Around 12000 years ago
(b) Around 6000 years ago
(c) Around 9000 years ago
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (e)
Explanation: The use of iron in the Indian subcontinent dates back to around 800-700 BCE during the Iron Age, which is much later than the options provided. The earliest evidence of iron usage comes from the Later Vedic texts, and historical records suggest its widespread use by the time of the Mauryan period.
Q3. Sudarshan Lake, an artificial reservoir, was repaired by:
(a) Kanishka
(b) Rudradaman
(c) Harsha
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation: Rudradaman I, a Saka ruler, is known for his contribution to public works, especially the repair of the Sudarshan Lake. The lake was originally constructed during the Mauryan period, and Rudradaman’s repairs helped in providing irrigation to the dry regions of Saurashtra. This is also detailed in his rock inscription, which is one of the earliest examples of Sanskrit inscriptions.
Q4. The temple of Deogarh near Jhansi and the sculptures at Garhwa near Allahabad belong to:
(a) Gupta Art
(b) Rashtrakuta Art
(c) Maurya Art
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation: The Gupta Art flourished during the Gupta Empire (circa 4th to 6th centuries CE) and is known for its refinement in temple architecture and sculpture. The Deogarh Temple, located near Jhansi, is famous for its Dashavatara Temple which represents the Gupta style of architecture, featuring shikhara-style temples. The sculptures at Garhwa near Allahabad also reflect the characteristics of Gupta-era art.
Q5. In which of the following battles are the opponents incorrectly stated?
(a) First Battle of Panipat – Babur vs. Ibrahim Lodi
(b) Second Battle of Panipat – Tipu Sultan vs. Marathas
(c) Battle of Haldighati – Maharana Pratap vs. Akbar
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation: The Second Battle of Panipat (1556) was fought between Hemu, the general of the Afghan king, and Bairam Khan, the regent of Akbar. It was not between Tipu Sultan and the Marathas. Tipu Sultan fought against the British and Marathas later in history. The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was between Maharana Pratap and Man Singh, not Akbar directly.
Q6. During the Delhi Sultanate, the designation “Muqaddam or Chaudhari” was used for:
(a) Revenue officials
(b) Village Accountants
(c) Village Headman
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation: The title Muqaddam or Chaudhari referred to the village headman in the Delhi Sultanate period. The Muqaddam was the person responsible for overseeing the village and its revenue collection. They were an important part of the administrative structure, and the title is still used in many rural areas of India today.
Q7. Tabaqat-i-Akbari was written by:
(a) Nizamuddin Ahmad
(b) Abdul Hamid Lahori
(c) Gulbadan Begum
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation: Nizamuddin Ahmad wrote Tabaqat-i-Akbari, which is also known as Tarikh-i-Nizami. This work covers the history of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly during the reign of Akbar, and is considered an important historical text, providing insights into Bengal’s history under the Sultanate.
Q8. Who founded Nagalapuram near Vijayanagara after his mother’s name?
(a) Harihara
(b) Bukka
(c) Krishnadevaraya
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation: Krishnadevaraya, a famous ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded the township of Nagalapuram near Vijayanagara after his mother’s name. He is known for his military conquests, cultural achievements, and for being the patron of the Ashtadiggajas, eight eminent poets in his court.
67th BPSC Prelims Re-Exam
Q1. Which Gupta ruler assumed the throne after killing his “elder brother”?
(a) Samudragupta
(b) Chandragupta II
(c) Skandgupta
(d) Shri Gupta
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Chandragupta II (380-415 AD) succeeded his elder brother Ramagupta, whom he defeated and killed.
- Ramagupta had surrendered his queen Dhruvadevi to a Saka invader. Chandragupta II avenged this defeat by defeating the invader and marrying Dhruvadevi.
- He is known for his military conquests, including defeating the last ruler of the Saka satraps and performing the horse sacrifice, assuming the title “Sakari” (destroyer of Sakas).
Q2. Who laid the foundation of the Vardhana Dynasty?
(a) Rajyavardhana
(b) Adityavardhana
(c) Prabhakara Vardhana
(d) Pushyabhuti
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- Pushyabhuti laid the foundation of the Vardhana dynasty.
- The dynasty was initially feudatories of the Guptas but became independent after the Hun invasions.
- The first important ruler of the dynasty was Prabhakara Vardhana (580-605 AD), and Harshavardhana (606-647 AD) was its greatest ruler.
- Harshavardhana’s capital was Kannauj, and he made significant contributions to literature and Buddhism during his reign.
Q3. Who established trade relations with the Roman Empire?
(a) Cheras
(b) Western Shakas
(c) Vakatakas
(d) Kushanas
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- The Kushan dynasty had diplomatic and trade relations with the Roman Empire.
- They were central to the trade between Rome and China and had contacts with the Sasanian Persia, Aksumite Empire, and the Han dynasty of China.
- The Kushans played a significant role in facilitating trade and exchanges between these powerful regions.
Q4. The Muslim ruler whose empire was regarded as a part of Dar-al-Islam was
(a) Razia
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Nasir-uddin
(d) Balban
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Iltutmish (1211-1236 AD) established the Delhi Sultanate and was the first Muslim ruler in India to be recognized by the Abbasid Caliph as the legitimate ruler of India, thus bringing his empire under Dar-al-Islam.
- He introduced Arabic coinage, including the tanka and jital, and made significant contributions to the administration and governance of Delhi.
Q5. Who among the following opposed the power of the Khalifa?
(a) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
(c) Balban
(d) Iltutmish
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (e)
Explanation:
Both Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq opposed the power of the Khalifa.
- Alauddin Khilji sought to centralize power and reduce the influence of the Khalifa in Indian affairs.
- Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq also took similar steps, aiming to assert his independence and strengthen the Sultanate.
Q6. Tughril Khan raised a standard of revolt during whose reign?
(a) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Feroz Tughlaq
(c) Khizr Khan
(d) Balban
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- Tughril Khan revolted during the reign of Balban.
- He declared his independence in 1279 and was initially successful in resisting Balban’s forces.
- Balban later led a larger army to suppress the revolt, and Tughril Khan was ultimately captured and executed.
Q7. Who was the first Mughal ruler to fight against the British?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(d) Jahangir
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- Aurangzeb (1658-1707) was the first Mughal ruler to fight against the British.
- The Anglo-Mughal War (1686-90), also called Child’s War, was fought between the British East India Company and Mughal forces.
- Mughal forces emerged victorious, marking the first major confrontation between the Mughals and the British.
67th BPSC Prelims
1. Which of the following Harappan sites is in Gujarat?
(a) Lothal
(b) Dabarkot
(c) Kalibangan
(d) Rakhigarhi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- Lothal is one of the port cities of the Harappan Civilization, located in Gujarat.
- Some other sites in Gujarat: Dholavira, Rangpur, Surkotada, Kuntasi, etc.
- Port cities of the Harappan Civilization: Lothal, Sutkagendor, Allahdino, Balakot, and Kuntasi.
- Dabarkot is in Baluchistan province of Pakistan, Kalibangan is in Rajasthan, and Rakhigarhi is in Haryana, India.
2. Who was the founder of the Chola Dynasty?
(a) Vijayalaya
(b) Karikala
(c) Aditya I
(d) Rajaraja I
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- The founder of the Chola Dynasty was Vijayalaya.
- He was initially a feudatory of the Pallavas and captured Tanjore in 850 AD.
- Important facts about the Chola Dynasty:
- Capital: Tanjore, Gangaikondacholapuram.
- Greatest rulers: Rajaraja (985-1014 AD) and Rajendra I (1014-1044 AD).
- Rajaraja I built the Brihadeshwara Temple at Tanjore.
3. Who wrote the book “Kiratarjuniya”?
(a) Bhatti
(b) Shudraka
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Bharavi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (d)
Explanation:
- “Kiratarjuniya” was written by Bharavi, considered to be the most powerful poem in Sanskrit.
- It describes the combat between Arjuna and Lord Shiva at Indrakeeladri Hills.
4. The Qutub Minar was completed by:
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Qutb-ud-din-Aibak
(c) Ulugh Khan
(d) Raziya Sultana
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- Qutub Minar, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak but completed by Shamsuddin Iltutmish.
- It was built to commemorate the victory over the Rajput rulers of Delhi.
5. Who was the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire?
(a) Deva Raya I
(b) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Harihara-Bukka
(d) Vira Narasimha Raya
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
- The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who were initially feudatories of the Kakatiyas.
- Their dynasty and empire flourished with significant contributions, particularly from Krishna Deva Raya.
6. During the time of which Mughal Emperor did “Sir Thomas Roe” come to India?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
- Sir Thomas Roe, ambassador of King James I of England, visited the court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1615 to seek permission for the East India Company to establish a trading port at Surat.
7. Ain-i-Akbari was written by:
(a) Abdul Qadir
(b) Akbar
(c) Khwaja Nizamuddin
(d) Abul Fazl
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (d)
Explanation:
- Ain-i-Akbari, the third book of the Akbarnama, was written by Abul Fazl, Akbar’s court historian.
- It covers topics such as Mughal administration, the emperor’s household, army, revenues, and the traditions of the time.
66th BPSC Prelims Re-Exam
Q1. The first human fossil was found from which river valley of India?
(a) Ganga Valley
(b) Yamuna Valley
(c) Narmada Valley
(d) Tapti Valley
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- The first human fossil was discovered in the Narmada Valley of India.
- On 5th December 1982, geologist Arun Sonakia found the fossil near Hathnora village in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh.
- The fossil, which belongs to the Homo erectus species, dates back to around 500,000 to 600,000 years ago.
Q2. The first empire in India was established by which ruler?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Ashoka
(c) Kanishka
(d) Chandragupta II Vikramaditya
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The first empire in India was established by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BC after dethroning the Nanda dynasty.
- He was assisted by Kautilya and united Northern India under the Mauryan Empire.
Q3. The oldest sculpture of Buddha is made in which style?
(a) Gandhara style
(b) Mathura Style
(c) Mauryan Style
(d) Gupta Style
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- The oldest sculpture of Buddha was made in the Gandhara style, dating back to the 2nd or 3rd century AD.
- The Gandhara school of art blended Indian and Graeco-Roman elements, creating realistic depictions of Buddha.
Q4. In which inscription is Kalinga’s victory mentioned?
(a) Maski Inscription
(b) Rudradaman Inscription
(c) Junagarh Inscription
(d) Hathigumpha Inscription
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (e)
Explanation:
- Kalinga’s victory is mentioned in Ashoka’s Major Rock Edict XIII, not in the listed options.
- The edict describes the aftermath of the Kalinga War (261 BC) and Ashoka’s subsequent commitment to Dhamma.
Q5. Who started the Public Distribution System during the Sultanate period?
(a) Alauddin Khalji
(b) Sikander Lodhi
(c) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- Alauddin Khalji implemented the Public Distribution System in Delhi during his reign (1296-1316 AD) to control market prices and ensure food security for the public.
- He also introduced price regulations and established government-controlled markets.
Q6. Which famous war took place in 1565 AD?
(a) Panipat I War
(b) Panipat II War
(c) Khanwa War
(d) Talikota War
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- The Battle of Talikota took place in 1565 AD between the forces of Vijayanagara and a coalition of Deccan Sultanates.
- Rama Raya, the chief minister of Vijayanagara, was defeated, leading to the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Q7. Who promulgated “Din-e-Illahi”?
(a) Babar
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, promulgated “Din-e-Illahi” (Divine Faith) in 1582 AD.
- This syncretic religion aimed at bridging gaps between different religions, incorporating rationality and elements from various belief systems.
Q8. Ashta Pradhan was an advisory council for which ruler?
(a) Akbar
(b) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Shivaji
(d) Shershah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- Ashta Pradhan was a council of eight ministers that helped in the administration under Shivaji, the Maratha ruler.
- Each minister had a specific role in managing various aspects of the empire, such as finance, justice, and military affairs.
66th BPSC Prelims
Q1. In which of the following Harappan cities, furrows of ploughed fields have been found?
(a) Kalibangan
(b) Dholavira
(c) Mohenjo-daro
(d) Lothal
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- Furrows of ploughed fields have been found at Kalibangan, located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, India.
- Other archaeological finds at Kalibangan include seven fire altars, decorated bricks, wheels of a toy cart, and bones of camels.
Q2. Triratna or Three Jewels, that is right knowledge, right faith, and right action are related to which of the following?
(a) Buddhism
(b) Hinduism
(c) Jainism
(d) Christianity
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- Triratna, or Three Jewels, refers to the core principles of Jainism, which include:
- Right Faith (Samyak Shraddha): Belief in the Tirthankaras.
- Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana): Knowledge of the Jain creed.
- Right Conduct (Samyak Karma): Adherence to the five vows of Jainism.
Q3. Which of the following rulers convened the Fourth Council in Kashmir?
(a) Ashoka
(b) Ajatashatru
(c) Kanishka
(d) Kalashoka
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- The Fourth Buddhist Council was convened by Emperor Kanishka in 72 AD at Kundalvana, Kashmir.
- This council marked the division of Buddhism into two sects: Hinayana and Mahayana.
Q4. Which of the following philosophies of India propounded the “Atom Theory”?
(a) Yoga
(b) Sankhya
(c) Nyaya
(d) Vaisheshika
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
- The Vaisheshika school of philosophy, founded by Kanada, propounded the “Atom Theory”.
- It postulated that all physical objects are composed of small indivisible particles called paramanu (atoms), and this school laid the foundation for the study of physics.
Q5. Which Delhi Sultan is known for adopting the “blood and iron” policy?
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Balban
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-1287 AD) adopted the “blood and iron” policy, emphasizing harshness, ruthlessness, and strictness in dealing with enemies.
- He also introduced measures to centralize power and broke the influence of the nobility, as well as introduced ceremonial practices like Sijda (prostration before the Sultan).
Q6. Which medieval Indian empire was famous for elaborated local self-government?
(a) Chalukya
(b) Chola
(c) Solanki
(d) Parmar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- The Chola Empire (9th–13th centuries) was renowned for its elaborate system of local self-government.
- The Chola administration had village assemblies such as Ur (common villagers), Sabha (Brahmin villages), and Nagaram (merchant assemblies).
Q7. Pietra dura is related to which of the following?
(a) Decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones
(b) Building sloping walls in Minars
(c) Use of Arch in Construction
(d) Use of Marble in buildings
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- Pietra dura refers to the art of decorating walls with floral patterns made of semi-precious stones.
- This intricate mosaic work is often found in Mughal architecture, such as the Taj Mahal.
Q8. Which Mughal ruler established “Karkhanas” for painting?
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Akbar (1556–1605) established the Karkhanas (royal workshops) for painting and other arts.
- These workshops created numerous paintings during his reign, often depicting court life and portraits of notable figures.
65th BPSC Prelims
1. Who established “Ashta Pradhan”?
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Ashoka
(c) Harshavardhana
(d) Shivaji
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Shivaji established the “Ashta Pradhan”. The King was the pivot of the government. He was assisted by a council of ministers called “Ashtapradhan”. However, each minister was directly responsible to Shivaji. The ministers included the Peshwa, responsible for finance and general administration, who later became the Prime Minister; the Senapati, also known as “Sar-i-Naubat”, a military commander; the Amatya, who served as the Accountant General; the Waqenavis, responsible for intelligence, posts, and household affairs; the Sachiv, who managed correspondence; the Sumanta, who was the Master of Ceremonies; the Nyayadish, responsible for justice; and the Panditarao, who handled charities and religious administration.
2. Which Delhi Sultan built the maximum number of canals?
(a) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Balban
(d) Sikander Lodhi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq [1351-1388] built the maximum number of canals during his reign. He was the first Sultan to impose an “irrigation tax”. He dug irrigation canals and wells, including the longest canal, which was about 200 kilometers from Sutlej to Hansi. Additionally, he developed about 1200 fruit gardens in and around Delhi to increase revenues. He also established two separate departments: Diwan-i-Khairat for orphans and widows, and Diwan-Bandwan for slaves.
3. The name by which Ashoka is generally referred to in his inscriptions is
(a) Chakravarti
(b) Priyadarshi
(c) Dharmadeva
(d) Dharmakirti
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Ashoka is generally referred to as “Priyadarshi” (Piyadassi) in his inscriptions. James Prinsep deciphered the “Brahmi Inscriptions” of Ashoka in 1837. He found that most of these mentioned a king referred to as “Piyadassi”, meaning “pleasant to behold”.
4. Who among the following is known for his work on medicine during the Gupta period?
(a) Sushruta
(b) Saumilla
(c) Shudraka
(d) Shaunaka
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation: Sushruta is known for his work on medicine during the Gupta period. He is considered the first surgeon in the world and is often referred to as the “Father of Surgery”. He authored the “Sushruta Samhita”, in which he described over 120 surgical instruments, 300 surgical procedures, and classified human surgery into eight categories. He was native to present-day Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
5. Which of the following scripts of ancient India was written from right to left?
(a) Brahmi
(b) Sharada
(c) Kharosthi
(d) Nandanagari
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Kharosthi script was written from right to left in ancient India. Also known as the Gandhari script, it was an ancient Indo-Iranian script used by various people from the north-western outskirts of the Indian subcontinent to Central Asia. It was also in use in Bactria, the Kushan empire, and along the Silk Route. It is considered a sister script to Brahmi and was deciphered by James Prinsep.
6. Which one of the following ports was in use for North Indian trade during the Gupta Period?
(a) Kalyan
(b) Tamralipti
(c) Broach
(d) Cambay
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Tamralipti port in Bengal was in use for North Indian trade during the Gupta period. It carried on trade with China, Java, and Sumatra. However, in the final answer key, BPSC held E as the correct answer for this question. During the Gupta period, ports in Western India, such as Kalyan, Chaul, Broach, and Cambay, were also in use. Ports in Andhra, like Kadura, Ghantasala, Kaveripattanam, and Tondail, and those on the Malabar coast, such as Kottayam and Muziris, were also significant for trade.
7. Mughal Painting reached its Zenith under
(a) Jahangir
(b) Humayun
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Akbar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation: Mughal painting reached its zenith under Jahangir [1605-1627]. During his reign, the Persian and Indian styles of painting were fully synthesized. Indian painting became free from foreign influence, and portrait painting progressed. Manuscripts became less important than individual pictures, with finer brushwork and lighter colors. Jahangir was a man of aesthetic taste and a keen naturalist who preferred paintings of hunting scenes, birds, and flowers. Famous painters in his court included Abul Hasan, Bishan Das, Mansur, Inayat, and Balchand.
8. In Medieval India, why was the Mansabdari system introduced?
(a) For revenue collection
(b) Facilitating recruitment to the army
(c) To establish religious harmony
(d) Ensuring clean administration
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation: The Mansabdari system was introduced by Akbar to facilitate recruitment to the army. Under this system, every officer was assigned a rank (mansab). The lowest rank was 10, and the highest was 5000 for the nobles, with princes of royal blood receiving higher ranks. Mansab ranks were not hereditary and were divided into two categories: Zat (personal) and Sawar (number of cavalrymen). The emperor made all appointments, promotions, and dismissals.
64th BPSC Prelims
1. The earliest evidence of animal domestication and agriculture in India has come from
(a) Anjira
(b) Damb Sadat
(c) Kili Gul Muhammad
(d) Mehrgarh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (d) Mehrgarh
Explanation
The earliest evidence of animal domestication and agriculture in India has come from Mehrgarh.
Mehrgarh:
- Located in a fertile plain near the Bolan pass, which is an important route into Iran.
- Discovered in 1974 by the French Archaeological Mission led by Jean Francois Jarrige and his wife Catherine Jarrige.
- It was probably one of the places where people first learned to grow barley and wheat and rear sheep and goats in the Indian Subcontinent.
- Animal bones found at the site include wild animals like deer and pigs, as well as domesticated sheep and goats.
- Other finds include square or rectangular houses, possibly used for storage.
- Several burial sites have been discovered, including one where the deceased was buried with goats.
2. Who among the following first issued gold coins on a large scale?
(a) Pushyamitra Sunga
(b) Menander
(c) Vima Kadphises
(d) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (c) Vima Kadphises
Explanation
Vima Kadphises, the Kushan ruler, was the first to issue gold coins on a large scale.
- He was the son of Kujula Kadphises (Kadphises I) and a devotee of Lord Shiva.
- He conquered the entire northwestern India as far as Mathura.
- He issued gold coins with high-sounding titles such as “Lord of the whole world.”
3. Who among the following was first to explain that the rotation of the Earth on its own axis accounts for the daily rising and setting of the Sun?
(a) Aryabhata
(b) Bhaskara
(c) Brahmagupta
(d) Varahamihira
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (a) Aryabhata
Explanation
Aryabhata was the first to explain that the rotation of the Earth on its own axis accounts for the daily rising and setting of the Sun.
- He was born in 476 BCE in Kusumpura (Pataliputra).
- His important works include Aryabhatiya and Arya-siddhanta.
- Aryabhata is known for his explanation of lunar and solar eclipses, the rotation of Earth on its axis, reflection of light by the moon, the diameter of the Earth, and the length of the sidereal year.
4. Who wrote “Periplus of the Erythraean Sea”?
(a) Cetsian
(b) Pliny
(c) Ptolemy
(d) Strabo
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Explanation
“The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea” was written by an anonymous Greek writer.
- “Periplus” means sailing around, and “Erythraean” refers to the Greek name for the Red Sea.
- The writer recorded his voyage to the Indian coast around 80 AD, describing ports, harbors, and merchandise.
- The book is an important foreign source for the Sangam period of South India and trade between the Roman Empire and South India during the 1st century AD.
5. Which sultan demanded half the crops on land after measurement as revenue?
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Balban
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Muhammad-bin Tughlaq
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (c) Alauddin Khalji
Explanation
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316 AD) demanded half the crops on land after measurement as revenue.
- He introduced the concepts of “Paimaish” and “Biswa” as measurements for cultivable land.
- Additional facts on Alauddin Khalji:
- He was the first Turkish sultan of Delhi to separate religion from politics with the proclamation “Kingship knows no kinship.”
- He introduced the system of Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (descriptive rolls of soldiers).
- He created the post of Mustakharaj for revenue collection.
- He built the Alai Darwaza and the Palace of Thousand Sultans, Hazar Sutun.
6. Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria belonged to which sect?
(a) Suhrawardi Silsilah
(b) Rishi Silsilah
(c) Chisti Silsilah
(d) Firdausi Silsilah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (a) Suhrawardi Silsilah
Explanation
Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria belonged to the Suhrawardi Silsilah.
- He founded the first leading “Khanqah” in India at Multan.
- The Suhrawardi Silsilah was popular in Multan, Lahore, and Sindh.
Chisti Silsilah: - Founded by Khwaja Abdal Chisti in Herat, it was established in India by Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti and became the most liberal Sufi order in India.
- Important Sufis of this order included Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar, and Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya.
Firdausi Silsilah: - Founded by Shaikh Badruddin Samarkandi, it was mostly confined to Bihar.
7. Who stated that five thousand to twenty thousand men worked for forty years to build the place of forty pillars at Allahabad in Akbar’s time?
(a) Manucci
(b) Tavernier
(c) William Finch
(d) Abdul Hamid Lahori
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (c) William Finch
Explanation
William Finch stated that five thousand to twenty thousand men worked for forty years to build the place of forty pillars at Allahabad during Akbar’s time.
- He was an English merchant who visited India during the reign of Jahangir (1605-1628 AD) with Captain Hawkins.
Mannuci: - An Italian traveler who served at the court of Dara Shikoh.
Tavernier: - A French traveler and gem merchant who visited India six times during the reigns of Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
Ptolemy: - A Roman geographer and historian who wrote “Geography,” containing information about ancient geography and trade between India and Rome.
8. Which Sultan was reputed to be “Akbar of Kashmir”?
(a) Sultan Shamsuddin Shah
(b) Sultan Qutubuddin
(c) Sultan Sikander
(d) Sultan Zainul Abidin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Answer: (d) Sultan Zainul Abidin
Explanation
Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin was reputed to be the “Akbar of Kashmir.”
- Known as Bud Shah (The Great King), he was the 8th Sultan of the Shah Mir dynasty.
- He reconstructed and rehabilitated all the temples of Kashmir and asked Jonaraja to continue Kalhana’s Rajtarangini.
- He is known for his patronage of Sanskrit language and literature.
63rd BPSC Prelims
1. Which is the most significant feature of the Indus Valley Civilization?
(a) Burnt Brick Buildings
(b) First true arches
(c) Buildings of worship
(d) Art and Architecture
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- Burnt brick buildings were a significant feature of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- Harappa was the first discovered site, and it was spread over a vast region including Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Western UP, and Northern Maharashtra.
- Major cities followed a systematic town-planning approach, used burnt bricks in construction, and had an underground citadel.
2. Megasthenes was the ambassador of
(a) Selecus
(b) Alexander
(c) Darius
(d) The Greeks
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador sent by Selecus Nikator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya.
- He wrote the book “Indica” and described the Mauryan administration, military organization, and the seven caste systems prevalent at that time.
3. Kautilya’s Arthashastra is a book on
(a) Economic relations
(b) Principles and Practice of Statecraft
(c) Foreign Policy
(d) Wealth Accumulation
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
- Kautilya’s Arthashastra is a treatise on statecraft, political science, economic policy, and military strategy.
- It discusses government nature, law, market economics, theories on war, peace, and the obligations of a king.
4. Tripitikas are the sacred books of the
(a) Jains
(b) Hindus
(c) Parsis
(d) Buddhists
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (d)
Explanation:
- Tripitikas are the sacred books of Buddhism, consisting of three “baskets” or Pitakas:
- Sutta Pitaka: Contains Buddha’s sayings.
- Vinaya Pitaka: Monastic code for monks and nuns.
- Abhidhamma Pitaka: Deals with Buddhist philosophy and religious discourses.
5. The central point in Ashoka’s Dhamma is
(a) Loyalty to the King
(b) Peace and Non-Violence
(c) Respect to Elders
(d) Religious Toleration
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (e)
Explanation:
- Ashoka’s Dhamma, a set of principles for a good life, focused on peace, non-violence, respect for elders, and religious tolerance, aimed at preserving social order.
6. The division of Mauryan society into seven classes is particularly mentioned in
(a) Kautilya’s Arthashastra
(b) Ashokan edicts
(c) The Puranas
(d) The Indica of Megasthenes
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (d)
Explanation:
- Megasthenes described the division of Mauryan society into seven classes in his book “Indica.” These classes included philosophers, farmers, herdsmen, artisans, military personnel, administrators, and councillors.
7. The famous Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien visited India during the reign of
(a) Chandragupta I
(b) Chandragupta II
(c) Ramagupta
(d) Srigupta
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
- Fa-Hien visited India during Chandragupta II’s reign (Vikramaditya) in the 5th century AD and wrote valuable accounts of the Gupta dynasty.
8. The Chola age was most famous for
(a) Village Assemblies
(b) War with Rashtrakutas
(c) Trade with Ceylon
(d) Advancement of Tamil Culture
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
- The Chola period is famous for its well-established village assemblies, such as “Ur,” “Sabha,” and “Nagaram,” which played key roles in local administration.
9. The remains of the Vijayanagara empire are found in
(a) Bijapur
(b) Golconda
(c) Hampi
(d) Baroda
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
- The Vijayanagara empire’s remains are found in Hampi, Karnataka. The ruins were discovered in 1800, and the name “Hampi” is derived from Pampadevi, the local mother goddess.
10. Who was the first Muslim ruler to formulate the “theory of kingship,” similar to the “theory of divine right of the kings”?
(a) Aibak
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Balban
(d) Alauddin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
- Balban, the Delhi Sultanate ruler, was the first to formulate the “theory of kingship,” similar to the divine right of kings, emphasizing the monarch’s divinely ordained authority.
11. European paintings were introduced in the court of
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
- European paintings were introduced at Akbar’s court by Portuguese priests, influencing Mughal painting styles and techniques during his reign.
60th-62nd BPSC Prelims
1. Chinese traveller “Sungyun” came to India in
(a) 515 AD to 520 AD
(b) 525 AD to 529 AD
(c) 545 AD to 552 AD
(d) 592 AD to 597 AD
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Sung Yun visited India during 515-520 AD in quest of Buddhist texts and returned to China with 170 Mahayana texts.
2. At which of the following Harappan site, terracotta model of “plough” was found?
(a) Dholavira
(b) Banawali
(c) Kalibangan
(d) Lothal
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Terracotta model of “Plough” was found at Banawali. Other finds include evidence of pre-Harappan and Harappan culture.
3. Kaling’s King Kharvela was associated with
(a) Chedi Dynasty
(b) Mahameghavahana Dynasty
(c) Satavahana Dynasty
(d) Rath-Bhojak Dynasty
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Kharavela was associated with the Chedi dynasty. He was a follower of Jainism and constructed caves for Jain monks.
4. “Diwan-E-Arj” department was associated with
(a) Royal Correspondence
(b) Foreign
(c) Defence
(d) Finance
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
Diwan-E-Arj was the military department established by Ghiyasuddin Balban.
5. Which type of land was called “Aprahat”?
(a) Without cultivated forest land
(b) Irrigated Land
(c) Dense Forest land
(d) Cultivated Land
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Aprahat refers to “Without Cultivated Forest Land” as mentioned in Amarakosha.
6. “Jaswant and Dasawan” famous painters were courtiers of Mughal emperor
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Aurangzeb
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Jaswant and Dasawan were famous painters at Akbar’s court.
7. Who was the founder of Bahamani Kingdom?
(a) Alauddin Hasan
(b) Firoz Shah
(c) Mahmud Gaonwa
(d) Asaf Khan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
The Bahmani Kingdom was founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu) in 1347.
8. Which among the following King’s reign Persian traveller, “Abdurrajjak” came to India?
(a) Dev Raya I
(b) Dev Raya II
(c) Krishnadeva Raya
(d) Sadashiva Raya
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Abdur Razzak visited India during the reign of Dev Raya II of the Sangama dynasty of Vijayanagara Kingdom.
56th-59th BPSC Prelims
1. Who among the following was not associated with the excavation of Harappa and Mohenjodaro?
(a) R.D Banerjee
(b) K.N Dikhsit
(c) M.S Vatsa
(d) V.A Smith
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
Vincent Arthur Smith [V.A Smith] was not associated with excavation of Harappa and Mohenjodaro. He was an Irish Indologist, historian, member of Indian Civil Service, and curator. He wrote “The Early History of India” in 1914.
2. Gautam Buddha gave his first sermon at
(a) Vaishali
(b) Kaushambi
(c) Sarnath
(d) Pawapauri
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
Gautam Buddha delivered his first sermon at “Sarnath” (Dear Park) to his five disciples. This event in Buddha’s life is symbolized by the Wheel. This is known as “Dharmachakra Pravartana” (Turning the Wheel of Law).
3. Who is called the “Napoleon of Ancient India”?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Pushyamitra
(c) Kanishka
(d) Samudragupta
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
Due to his military conquests, “Samudragupta” was hailed as the “Napoleon of Ancient India” by V.A Smith.
4. Which Chinese traveller visited India during the Harshavardhana’s rule?
(a) Fa-Hien
(b) Hiuen-Tsang
(c) I-Sting
(d) Taranath
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
Hieun Tsang (630-645 AD) visited India during Harshavardhana’s reign and stayed for 15 years in India. He wrote a book “Si-yu-ki” (The Records of the Western World). He is recognized as the “Prince of Pilgrims”.
5. What is “Adhai Din Ka Jhopda”?
(a) Mosque
(b) Temple
(c) Saint’s Hut
(d) Tower
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
“Adhai Din Ka Jhopda” is a historical mosque in Ajmer, Rajasthan. It is an excellent example of early Indo-Islamic architecture.
6. In which language was “Tuzuk-i-Baburi” written?
(a) Persian
(b) Arabic
(c) Turkish
(d) Urdu
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
“Tuzuk-i-Baburi” is the autobiography of the Mughal emperor, “Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur”. It was written by Babur in “Turkish” language.
7. Who was the commander of Rana Pratap’s army in the Battle of Haldighati?
(a) Amar Singh
(b) Man Singh
(c) Hakim Khan
(d) Shakti Singh
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
Hakim Khan was the commander of Rana Pratap’s army in the Battle of Haldighati in 1576. The battle was fought between the Mewar forces led by Maharana Pratap and the Mughal forces led by Man Singh I of Amber.
8. Where was the capital of Shivaji?
(a) Raigarh
(b) Sindhudurg
(c) Poona
(d) Kolhapur
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
The capital of Shivaji was at “Raigarh”.
9. Who was the author of Indica?
(a) Vishnugupta
(b) Megasthenes
(c) Diamechus
(d) Pliny
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
Megasthenes (302-298 BC) was a Greek Ambassador sent by Selecus Nikator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He lived for 6 years in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote a book “Indica” which describes the Mauryan administration and military organization.
53rd-55th BPSC Prelims
Q1. Which of the following is a Harappan port?
(a) Alexandria
(b) Lothal
(c) Mahasthangarh
(d) Nagapattanam
Ans. (b) Lothal
Lothal, located in present-day Gujarat, was an important port city of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its dockyard and trade connections.
Q2. The Gupta emperor who defeated the “Hunas” was
(a) Samudragupta
(b) Chandragupta II
(c) Skandagupta
(d) Ramagupta
Ans. (c) Skandagupta
Skandagupta (455-467 AD) successfully repelled the Hun invasion, but after his death, the empire weakened due to continued attacks.
Q3. What is the name of Kalhana’s book?
(a) Arthashastra
(b) Indica
(c) Purana
(d) Rajtarangini
Ans. (d) Rajtarangini
Rajatarangini, written by Kalhana in the 12th century, is the earliest historical text on Kashmir, documenting its rulers and events.
Q4. Which inscription tells about the various achievements of Rudradaman I?
(a) Junagarh
(b) Bhitari
(c) Nasik
(d) Sanchi
Ans. (a) Junagarh
The Junagarh Rock Inscription highlights Rudradaman I’s military conquests and his repair of Sudarshan Lake for irrigation.
Q5. Who was the first ruler of the Slave dynasty?
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Razia
(d) Balban
Ans. (a) Qutubuddin Aibak
Aibak, a former slave of Muhammad Ghori, founded the Slave dynasty in 1206 AD and was known for his generosity.
Q6. Who was the ruler of Devagiri at the time of Alauddin Khilji’s invasion?
(a) Prataprudra Dev
(b) Ramachandra Dev
(c) Malik Kafoor
(d) Raja Ratan Singh
Ans. (b) Ramachandra Dev
Ramachandra Dev, ruler of the Yadava dynasty, submitted to Alauddin Khilji in 1296 after an invasion led by Malik Kafur.
Q7. Who among the following Muslim rulers abolished the “Pilgrimage Tax”?
(a) Bahalol Lodi
(b) Sher Shah
(c) Humayun
(d) Akbar
Ans. (d) Akbar
In 1563 AD, Akbar abolished the Pilgrimage Tax as part of his policy of religious tolerance and reform.
Q8. What was “Dar-ul-Shafa” established by Firoz Tughlaq?
(a) An alms house
(b) A free hospital
(c) A library
(d) A guesthouse for pilgrims
Ans. (b) A free hospital
Firoz Tughlaq established Dar-ul-Shafa, a free hospital, to provide medical treatment to the poor in Delhi.
Q9. Where did Mahatma Buddha give his first “Dharma Chakrapravartana”?
(a) Lumbini
(b) Sarnath
(c) Pataliputra
(d) Vaishali
Ans. (b) Sarnath
Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, known as Dharmachakra Pravartana (Turning the Wheel of Law), to his five disciples.
Q10. Where did Mahatma Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana take place?
(a) Lumbini
(b) Bodh Gaya
(c) Kushinara
(d) Kapilavastu
Ans. (c) Kushinara
Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana (final enlightenment) at Kushinagara in 483 BC at the age of 80.
Q11. What was the name of the dynasty of Ajatshatru?
(a) Maurya
(b) Haryanka
(c) Nanda
(d) Gupta
Ans. (b) Haryanka
Ajatashatru, son of Bimbisara, belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. He expanded Magadha by defeating Kosala and Vajji.
48th-52nd BPSC Prelims
Q1. In how many adhikarnas is Kautilya’s Arthashastra divided?
(a) 11
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 15
Ans. (d) 15
Arthashastra is divided into 15 adhikarnas (sections) and was written by Kautilya (Chanakya) in Sanskrit. It covers politics, economics, military strategies, and administration.
Q2. Who identified the name “Sandrokottas” as Chandragupta Maurya?
(a) William Jones
(b) V.A. Smith
(c) R.K. Mukherjee
(d) D.R. Bhandarkar
Ans. (a) William Jones
William Jones, a British scholar, identified Sandrokottas (Greek reference) as Chandragupta Maurya. He also helped establish the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784.
Q3. Who first deciphered the Brahmi inscriptions of Ashoka?
(a) James Prinsep
(b) H.D. Sankalia
(c) S.R. Goyal
(d) V.N. Mishra
Ans. (a) James Prinsep
James Prinsep, in 1837, deciphered Ashoka’s Brahmi inscriptions, which were key to understanding early Indian history. He found that the title Piyadassi referred to Ashoka.
Q4. Who was the last Mauryan emperor?
(a) Jalok
(b) Avanti Verma
(c) Nandi Vardhana
(d) Brihadratha
Ans. (d) Brihadratha
Brihadratha was the last ruler of the Maurya dynasty. He was assassinated by his general Pushyamitra Shunga, who then established the Shunga dynasty.
Q5. What was the meaning of the word “Bantai” during the medieval period?
(a) Religious Tax
(b) System of Calculating Revenue
(c) Wealth Tax
(d) Property Tax
Ans. (b) System of Calculating Revenue
The Bantai system, also called Ghallabaksha, was a method of revenue collection where the agricultural produce was divided between the state and cultivator in fixed proportions.
Q6. When did Humayun first attack the Chunar fort?
(a) 1532 AD
(b) 1531 AD
(c) 1533 AD
(d) 1536 AD
Ans. (a) 1532 AD
Humayun attacked Chunar Fort (present-day Uttar Pradesh) in 1532. The fort was strategically important and later played a role in conflicts with Sher Shah Suri.
Also Read: BPSC Prelims PYQs Subject Wise
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