Germany has reported its first foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in nearly 40 years, with the disease detected in a herd of water buffalo near Berlin. The authorities have implemented immediate measures, including euthanizing the affected animals and establishing a 3-kilometre exclusion zone, along with a 10-kilometre monitoring area to prevent further spread. Despite the outbreak, there are currently no national or international measures in place, as Germany and the EU are still officially free from the disease.
About Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and swine. The disease causes symptoms such as fever, mouth blisters, drooling, and lameness, making it a significant concern for agriculture. FMD is known to impact livestock economies severely, especially in developing nations.
Global Impact and Economic Consequences
FMD is widespread in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America, affecting a significant portion of the global livestock population. Its economic toll is especially burdensome in low-income countries, where a disproportionate share of control costs is borne. Africa and Eurasia face the highest financial burden due to the disease’s prevalence.
Control Measures and Surveillance
Efficient surveillance and early detection are critical to managing FMD outbreaks. Vaccination is the primary preventive measure, but it must be tailored to specific viral strains. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) plays a key role in maintaining FMD-free zones, such as Germany, by supporting member countries with resources to control and respond to outbreaks.
FMD’s History in Germany
Germany last saw an FMD outbreak in 1988, and since then, the country has remained FMD-free. This outbreak serves as a reminder of the risks that still exist, particularly from illegally imported animal products from regions where FMD is endemic.
Role of WOAH in FMD Management
WOAH has acknowledged Germany’s recent outbreak and stressed the importance of vigilance. The organisation continues to collaborate with countries to enhance FMD prevention and management strategies, ensuring that such outbreaks are contained quickly and do not lead to broader agricultural crises.
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Disclaimer
This article is for educational purposes, focusing on the relevance of the topic for UPSC aspirants. Students should stay updated on further developments and refer to official sources for comprehensive preparation.
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