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1. The male proxy problem
The issue of ‘Pradhan Patis’—male relatives exercising control over women panchayat leaders—continues to challenge the spirit of gender reservation in local governance. Despite 46.6% women representatives in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), the presence of male proxies undermines their decision-making power. A panel constituted by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj has recently submitted recommendations to address this issue, emphasizing persuasion over punishment.
The Panel’s Findings and Recommendations
The committee found that male relatives frequently assume control over women pradhans’ responsibilities, diluting the intent of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, which mandates women’s participation in grassroots governance. To counter this, the panel has suggested:
(i) Gender-exclusive quotas in ward and panchayat committees.
(ii) Recognition and rewards for women resisting male dominance.
(iii) Appointment of women ombudsmen to monitor governance.
(iv) Public swearing-in ceremonies to emphasize women’s leadership.
(v) Formation of women panchayat leaders’ federations and support networks.
However, the committee’s proposal for “exemplary punishment” for male proxies is contentious, as it risks pushing the issue underground rather than eliminating it.
The Need for Capacity Building
The 2023 Parliamentary Standing Committee on Rural Development and Panchayati Raj emphasized that training and capacity-building are essential for empowering Elected Women Representatives (EWRs). A 2024 study by Kudumbashree and the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj also highlighted that a lack of proper training hinders women’s participation in governance.
The Supreme Court, in a hearing on July 6, 2023, acknowledged the issue but remarked that judicial intervention alone cannot solve it. Instead, it left the matter to the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, leading to the formation of the advisory panel.
The Risks of a Punitive Approach
The 73rd Amendment aimed to strengthen local self-governance, and a top-down punitive approach contradicts this principle. While the problem of ‘Pradhan Patis’ is serious, retributive measures could:
(i) Discourage women from participating in governance due to fear of backlash.
(ii) Drive the practice underground, making it harder to address.
(iii) Undermine organic social change, which requires gradual transformation.
Conclusion
The presence of male proxies in Panchayati Raj challenges the spirit of women’s empowerment, but the solution lies in awareness, training, and structural support rather than punishment. Women leaders are already challenging patriarchal norms, and their role in governance should be strengthened through bottom-up reforms rather than coercion. Just as women’s reservation in Parliament and state assemblies needs meaningful support beyond quotas, the third tier of governance also requires long-term strategies for real empowerment.
The Mahakumbh in Prayagraj has successfully concluded, marking a historic gathering of crores of devotees from across India. For 45 days, people from diverse backgrounds came together at the sacred confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, reinforcing India’s spiritual and cultural heritage.
2. Narendra Modi writes: A Mahakumbh for New India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the event as the Ekta Ka Mahakumbh, where 140 crore Indians united in a collective expression of faith and nationalism. The overwhelming participation of people from all sections of society—youth, elderly, women, and the differently-abled—demonstrated the strength of India’s unity and shared cultural identity.
Unparalleled Scale and Organisational Success
The Mahakumbh witnessed a record-breaking turnout, surpassing previous estimates. The seamless coordination of logistics, crowd management, and infrastructure showcased India’s ability to successfully manage large-scale events, offering valuable lessons for modern management and policy planning.
Symbol of India’s Rising Consciousness
The Prime Minister emphasized that beyond its spiritual significance, the Mahakumbh represents a new era of awakened national consciousness. He compared it to historical religious congregations where saints and scholars deliberated on societal progress, shaping India’s future direction.
Youth Participation and the Vision of Viksit Bharat
A key highlight of this Mahakumbh was the enthusiastic participation of India’s youth. Their deep connection with the event reflects their commitment to preserving India’s cultural heritage and taking the country forward towards Viksit Bharat—a developed India.
Call for River Conservation
Standing at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, Modi reaffirmed his commitment to river conservation, linking it to India’s larger developmental goals. He urged the people to treat rivers as life-giving mothers and work towards their cleanliness and preservation.
Gratitude to Organisers and Devotees
The Prime Minister acknowledged the tireless efforts of the Uttar Pradesh administration, led by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, along with sanitation workers, police personnel, boatmen, and volunteers. He also praised the people of Prayagraj for their warmth and hospitality in welcoming crores of pilgrims.
A Legacy for Future Generations
While the physical form of the Mahakumbh concluded on Mahashivratri, its spiritual energy and message of unity will continue to inspire future generations. Modi sees this event as a turning point, strengthening India’s collective resolve towards national progress and unity.
3. In death of a Nepali student, a question mark over internationalisation of Indian campuses
The recent death of a Nepali student at a private university highlights the pressing challenges in India’s higher education system, particularly in accommodating and supporting foreign students. As India aspires to become a Vishwa Guru and promote the Study in India (SII) initiative, issues of discrimination, inclusivity, and student welfare remain critical concerns.
Internationalisation of Higher Education
The concept of internationalisation aims to integrate global perspectives into Indian higher education. It involves cross-border student mobility and curriculum restructuring to meet global standards. The introduction of four-year degree programs inspired by the liberal arts model is an example of this transformation.
Study in India Scheme
Launched in 2018, the Study in India (SII) scheme aims to position India as a preferred destination for foreign students through scholarships and fee waivers. However, despite the presence of students from 170 countries, the number of foreign enrollments remains low at 46,878 in 2021-22, compared to the total student population of 4.33 crore. Nepal contributes the highest share (28%), followed by Afghanistan, the US, and Bangladesh.
Diversity and Discrimination in Indian Campuses
Indian universities host a diverse student body across caste, class, gender, language, and nationality. However, research indicates that caste, ethnicity, and gender-based discrimination persist in academic institutions. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds, including foreign students from developing nations, face distress due to systemic biases and social structures that perpetuate inequality.
Ineffective Institutional Mechanisms
Despite multiple institutional-level bodies such as SC/ST Cells, Gender Cells, and Equal Opportunity Offices, these mechanisms often remain ineffective due to a lack of professional expertise. The recently mandated Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDG) Cell aims to improve inclusivity, but its impact remains limited as institutions comply only at a formal level.
The Way Forward
To foster an inclusive learning environment, the following measures are necessary:
(i) Establishing national/state/institutional mechanisms for periodic student feedback on academic and social experiences.
(ii) Creating a cadre of student affairs professionals trained to handle diversity and student welfare.
(iii) Mandatory training programs for institutional leaders, faculty, and staff on cultural sensitivity.
(iv) Incentivizing faculty involvement in student welfare initiatives.
(v) Comprehensive restructuring of higher education to align with the increasing presence of marginalized groups and foreign students.
Conclusion
The ambition of making India a global education hub requires more than policy rhetoric. Addressing discrimination, strengthening institutional support, and fostering an inclusive academic culture are crucial for achieving the true spirit of Vishwa Guru.
Disclaimer:
This analysis is based on the editorial content published in Indian Express and is intended solely for informational and educational purposes. The views, opinions, and interpretations expressed herein are those of the author of original article. Readers are encouraged to refer to the original article for complete context and to exercise their own judgment while interpreting the analysis. The analysis does not constitute professional advice or endorsement of any political, economic, or social perspective.
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